On Armistice Day, November 11, 1921, members of the Seattle Garden Club, led by President Lillian Gustin McEwan, planted the first 25 elm trees along Des Moines Way S (later renamed Des Moine Memorial Drive), the beginning of a living memorial to "American men who gave their lives for the country during World War I." The drive is located in Sunnydale, near Burien, in south King County. The idea of tree plantings to honor the fallen dead came from Colonel F. W. Galbraith Jr., Commander of the American Legion. Burien Post No. 134 and Seattle Post No. 1 of the Legion helped plant and maintain the living memorial.
Women Who Died in the Cause of Freedom
Although the Seattle Garden Club's membership was predominantly female, it remained for former service women to pay tribute to the female war dead. Prior to World War II, women soldiers were not eligible for military commissions or benefits and therefore were not considered veterans. Despite this fact, Seattle's Ex-Service Women's Club launched an effort in 1922 to commemorate the women soldiers. On February 22, 1922, the following announcement appeared in The Seattle Times under the headline "Dead Seattle Ex-Service Women to be Honored":
"Smiling faces and courageous hearts, tender hands and soft voices which ministered to the sick and wounded, cheered the gloomy and homesick, suffered and died in the cause of freedom -- women 'soldiers' from Seattle -- will be honored tomorrow afternoon by the Ex-Service Women's Club, whose members will dedicate trees to their memory along Memorial Highway near Des Moines."
Four days later, a feature article in The Seattle Times noted: "The supports of the eight saplings ... carry small silk American flags to mark them from their fellows which have been dedicated under auspices of the Seattle Garden Club to men who died in the service of their country." A photograph shows Miss Geraldine Doheny "who has just returned from three years' Red Cross service in France and the Balkans, affixing a flag to the support of Mrs. [Lottie Brainerd)] McDonald's tree."
The article included stories and photographs of the memorialized women. For example, Lottie Brainerd attended Ballard High School, then joined the Northwest Division of the Red Cross when the United States declared war. While serving in Siberia, she married an Army officer. She contracted an illness and died in Shanghai. According to the article, 40 members of the Ex-Service Women's Clubs concluded their ceremony with a luncheon in the tea room at the downtown Seattle YWCA, where they paid further tribute to "the women who died in the cause of freedom."
Women Who Died
In the 1960s, when an elm disease and increasing traffic dictated removal of some of the trees, the veterans' organizations and the Seattle Garden Club worked together to replace them with the 84-foot-long expansive pink granite monument in front of Sunnydale School at Des Moines Memorial Drive and S 156th Street. The monument features the engraved names of about 355 men and women who died, (including a dozen back in the Spanish-American War of 1898), along with a bas-relief sculpture of an American elm.
In addition, there are bronze plaques including two to the Unknown Soldier, and another noting the dedication of the Elmer Noble Memorial Tree. Each year, veterans hold Memorial Day ceremonies at the commemorative stone monument, which bears all of the names originally submitted to the Seattle Garden Club. In particular, the memorial includes the etched names of the following women who gave their lives in service to their country:
- Miss Daisy Adams
- Jeanette V. Barrows
- Hannah Lora Burden
- Edith Cavell
- Etta Coover
- Mrs. Elizabeth Davies
- Alice Stevens Drisko
- Lottie Brainerd McDonald
- Claire McMorran
- Amanda Needles
- Mrs. Alice Nellis
- Amelia Tilda Thorkelson
- Harriet F. Carter Voderberg
