On November 8, 1961, civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) arrives for his only visit to Seattle. He speaks at the University of Washington and at Temple de Hirsch on Thursday, November 9, and at Garfield High School and the Eagles Auditorium on Friday, November 10. A reception follows at Plymouth Congregational Church. Reverend Samuel B. McKinney has invited him to be part of a lecture series sponsored by the Brotherhood of Mount Zion Baptist Church. McKinney is pastor of the church and a friend and former classmate of King's at Morehouse College in Atlanta.
Racism at First Presbyterian
Arrangements were made for Dr. King to speak at First Presbyterian Church because Mount Zion would not be large enough to handle the numbers expected. First Presbyterian Church canceled the oral agreement to rent the sanctuary to Mount Zion just weeks before King’s scheduled visit and shortly after advertisements of his lecture were circulated. The reasons ranged from construction work to other commitments, but McKinney attributed it to racism. He appealed to First Presbyterian church leaders, but this produced other excuses such as the use of the sanctuary only for religious meetings and the reluctance to have proceeds go not to Mount Zion’s building fund but to King’s enterprises. Local organizations and churches denounced the cancellation. The Christian Friends for Racial Equality, Grace Methodist Church, the Baptist Ministers Conference of Seattle and Vicinity, and the Capitol Hill Ministerial Association voiced disapproval. Even the Presbytery of Seattle commended King to its member churches.
Other venues were offered immediately. King arrived on the evening of November 8 and checked into the Olympic Hotel. He gave his first lecture at the University of Washington on November 9, in the old Meany Hall before 2,000 students. They gave him a standing ovation. That evening he spoke at Temple de Hirsch. On November 10, he spoke at Garfield High School and that evening at the Eagles Auditorium (now ACT Theatre). A reception followed at Plymouth Congregational Church. In his lectures, he stressed creative protest to break down racial segregation and discrimination, and called on President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) to use his executive order powers to declare all segregation unconstitutional. All of his talks were inspirational and promoted the concept of brotherhood.
A Progressive City
After the last lecture, he requested that McKinney take him to a barbecue restaurant in the Central Area where they spent several hours eating and talking and reminiscing. That night Dr. King visited the home of his childhood friend Dr. Blanche Lavizzo and her family at their home on Lakeside Drive S. The visit was recalled by Dr. Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, CEO of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, in an opinion article in The Seattle Times. She noted that her parents were married by Martin Luther King Sr. and that he also buried her grandparents.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. left Seattle on Saturday, November 11, impressed, according to McKinney, by the progressive attitude he saw in the city, especially in the Black community.
Dr. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His legacy is reflected in these Seattle landmarks:
In 1974, Harrison Elementary School was renamed Martin Luther King Elementary School.
In 1982, after a long struggle by businessman Eddie Rye, Empire Way was renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Way.
On February 24, 1986, the King County Council approved Motion 6461 "renaming" the county to commemorate Dr. King rather than William Rufus de Vane King, the Vice President-elect for whom the county was named in 1852. A bronze memorial plaque to commemorate this change is located on the first floor elevator lobby of the King County Courthouse at 3rd Avenue and James Street. In 1999, the state legislature made the change in county namesake official.
In 1991, the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Park at South Walker Street and Martin Luther King Jr. Way was dedicated.
In 1998, a bronze bust of King by Jeff Day entitled Speaking Out was placed in the Allen Theater of the Act Theater complex. It was dedicated by the board of directors of the theater and by the Benefit Guild, a black women’s service organization. The bust commemorates his speaking engagement in the same auditorium space on November 10, 1961.
