Itoobiyaanka iyo Eletariyaanku waxay ku noolaayeen Seatle ilaa dabayaaqadii 1960dii, iyagoo ku bilaabmay arday jaamacadeed. Laga soo bilaabo 1980 ansixintii sharciga qaxootiga ilaa qiyaastii 2000, kumanaan Itoobiyaan iyo Eletariyaan ah ayaa ku soo galay Seatle muhaajiriin iyo qaxooti ahaanba dawlado siyaasadeed oo wax cadaadiya, abaar, iyo dagaal dartood. Horaantii qarnigii kow iyo labaatanaad Itoobiyaanka iyo ELetariyaanku waxay ku yimaadeen Maraykanka barnaamijka Fiisaha Haajiraadda Kaladuwan, kaasoo u oggolaanaya kaadh degganaasho abadi ah muhaajiriinta waxaanu salka ku hayaa nidaam bakhtiyaanasiib ah. 2010, bulshada Seattle ee Itoobiyaanka ah waxa lagu qiyaasay in ka badan 25,000 qof, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid bulshooyinka Itoobiyaanka ah ee ugu badan Maraykanka. Bulshada ELetariyaanka ee Seattle waxay u dhaxaysaa 6,000 iyo 8,000, taasoo ka dhagaysaya mid ka mida bulshooyinka ELetariyaanka ah ee ugu badan Maraykanka. Labada bulshoba way ku najaxeen Seattle, laakiin sidoo kale waxay waajahaan caqabdo isku mid ah. Kuwan waxa ka mid ah u diyaargaraynta facii horee muhaajiriinta ee gaboobay hawlgabka iyo ku ilaalinta carruurta dugsiga iyo siday u noqon lahaayeen muwaadiniin fiican iyagoo u sii maraya borogaraamaynta dugsiga ka dib ee xarumahooga bulshada. Xarumaha bulshadu waxay bixiyaan barxad bulsheed iyo barnaamijyo badan ooy ka mid yihiin qaar loogu talo galay inay ka caawiyaan ilaalinta hiddaha iy dhaganka. Ururka Wadaagga Bulshada Itoobiyaanka ahi wuu soo dhaweeyaa Itoobiyaanka oo dhan. (Itoobiyaanku asal ahaan way kala duwan yihiin waxaanay ku hadlaan luuqado kala duwan). Ururka Eletariyaanka Seattle-ta Wayni wuxuu u adeega bulshada Eletariyaanka.
Bulshooyinka Itoobiyaanka iyo Eletariyaanka Seattle
- By Catherine Hinchliff
- Posted 11/16/2010
- HistoryLink.org Essay 9615
Sources:
Mike Carter, Susan Kelleher, Eric Pryne, and Keith Ervin, "4 Children at Sleepover and Aunt Killed in Fire -- Firefighters Struggle with Equipment at Fremont Blaze," The Seattle Times, June 13, 2010 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Doug Merlino, "Soccer to Reunite Ethiopians Who Fled Strife in Homeland -- 20,000 from North America Converge Here," The Seattle Times, June 27, 2004 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Vanessa Ho, "Kids’ Troubles Shake Seattle’s East Africans," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, April 12, 2006 (http://www.seattlepi.com); Jennifer Sullivan, "First Hill Shooting Leaves 1 Dead, 1 Injured -- Suspects Sought," June 13, 2006 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Lornet Turnbull, "Africans, American Blacks Try to Defuse Tensions," The Seattle Times, July 20, 2006 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Andrew DeMillo, "Ethiopian Community Celebrates -- Ceremony Marks Opening of New Orthodox Church in Seattle," The Seattle Times, July 22, 2000 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Sally Macdonald, "New Church in New World -- Ethiopian Congregation Follows a Dream," The Seattle Times, December 25, 1998 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Janet I. Tu, "Archbishop of Ethiopian Church, in Exile, Dies at 72 in Seattle," The Seattle Times, February 17, 2010 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Allen Berner, "Archbishop Mourned," The Seattle Times, February 21, 2010 (http://www.seattletimes.com); John Iwasaki, "Ethiopian Churches Meet Spiritual, Practical Needs," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, January 7, 2003 (http://www.seattlepi.com); Scott Gutierrez, "Local Ethiopians Seek Help to Open a Community Center,"seattlepi.com, August 5, 2010 (http://www.seattlepi.com); Matthew Craft, "Ethiopian Christmas Celebrations Begin -- Central Area Church Provides ‘Little Bit of Home’ for Members," The Seattle Times, January 5, 2003 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Catherine Hinchliff interview with Ezra Teshome, September 29, 2010, Seattle, Washington; Catherine Hinchliff interview with Sultan Mohamed, September 28, 2010, Seattle, Washington; Catherine Hinchliff interview with Dr. AlulaWasse, September 27, 2010, Seattle, Washington; Catherine Hinchliff interview with Mulumebet Retta, September 27, 2010, Seattle, Washington; Catherine Hinchliff interview with Assaye Abunie, September 15, 2010, Seattle, Washington; Catherine Hinchliff Interview with Tsegai Abraha, September 12, 2010, Seattle, Washington; "African Immigration" in In Motion: the African American Migration Experience, ed. by Howard Dodson and Sylviane A. Diouf (Washington D.C.: The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, National Geographic, 2004), 198-215; CIA World Factbook, "Ethiopia"and "Eritrea," https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ (accessed September 29, 2010); Ethiopian Community Mutual Association website (http://www.ecmaseattle.org/); Joshua Robin, "Eritrean Community Here Follows Strife Back Home -- A Faraway War Strikes in the Heart of Seattle," The Seattle Times, May 31, 2000 (http://www.seattletimes.com); Mary Spicuzza, "Eritreans Gather Today to Celebrate New Center, "The Seattle Times, June 14, 2003 (http://www.seattletimes.com); John Iwasaki, "New Eritrean Community Center Prepares for a Housewarming, "Seattle Post-Intelligencer, June 13, 2003 (http://www.seattlepi.com); Manuel Valdes, "Settled in Seattle, Eritreans Hang onto Heritage that Sustains Them,"The Seattle Times, July 7, 2008 (http://www.seattletimes.com); "Association History," and "Services," Eritrean Association in Greater Seattle website accessed September 29, 2010 (http://www.eritreanassociation.com/); Hidmo Eritrean cuisine (http://www.hidmo.org/); Donna R. Jackson, Jimmy Carter and the Horn of Africa: Cold War policy in Ethiopia and Somalia (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2007), 106-111.
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