西雅图的菲律宾裔美国人

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据估算,到二十世纪九十年代末,菲律宾裔美国人社区的人口达 30,000,成为西雅图地区最大的亚裔美国人群体。自 1883 年公认的首位菲律宾裔定居者以后,一批批的菲律宾移民因菲律宾国家形势的变化而来到美国(从沦为殖民地到取得独立)。如菲律宾诗人和作家卡洛斯•布罗桑 (1911?-1956) 所描述,他们经常面临歧视和困境。一些菲律宾人成为了当地艺术、商业和政界领袖。1979 年,德洛利斯•西伯格(生于1931年),成为西雅图市议会首个菲律宾裔成员。克林顿总统曾任命鲍勃•桑托斯(生于1934)为美国住房和城市发展部的区 域代表。1992 年,来自西雅图第 11 选区的维尔玛•维洛里女士赢得了华盛顿州议会选举,成为美国当时级别最高的菲律宾裔当选官员。


Sources:

Ursula Barboza, "Filipinos in Seattle" in the 11th Anniversary Special Program of the Northwest Asian Weekly (Seattle, 1994); Carlos Bulosan, America is in the Heart: A Personal History (Seattle: University of Washington Press, [1943] 1973); Fred Cordova, Filipinos: Forgotten Asian Americans: A Pictorial Essay 1763-circa 1963 (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1983); "Filipinos in the Pacific Northwest," 1952-l982 Commemorative Yearbook (Filipino American Intercommunity Council of the Pacific Northwest, 1982); Hyung-chan Kim and Cynthia C. Mejia, The Filipinos in America 1898-1974: A Chronology and Fact Book (Dobbs Ferry NY: Oceana Publications, Inc. 1976); Gail Nomura, "Washington's Asian/Pacific American Communities," in Peoples of Washington: Perspectives on Cultural Diversity ed. by Sid White and S.E. Solberg (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1989); Symbol of Filipino Identity: Glimpses of "Pinoy Life in the Pacific Northwest ed. by Diony Corsilles (Seattle: Magiting Corp., 1983); Edward and Elizabeth Burke, Seattle’s Other History: Our Asian American Heritage (Seattle: Profanity Hill Press, 1979); Ruth Pelz, The Washington Story: A History of Our State (Seattle: Seattle Public Schools, 1988); Fred Cordova, “Pista Sa Nayon 1993: A Commentary,” Pista Review: Official 1993 Seafair Pista Sa Nayon Program (Seattle: Pista Sa Nayon, 1993); “Anti-Filipino Feeling Flares Up in Raids,” Auburn Globe Republican, Auburn, Washington, May 8, 1930; Chuck Taylor, “Seattle Times Wins Two Pulitzer Prizes,” The Seattle Times, April 7, 1997; E.V. Vic Bacho, "History of the Filipino Community of Seattle," in Pamana: Half-a-Century of Filipino Community Life in the Emerald City (Seattle: Filipino Community of Seattle, Inc., 1986?), 13-68; Fred Cordova, "The Community in Seattle," in Pamana II (Seattle: Filipino Community of Seattle, Inc., n.d.), 14-21; C.N. Rigor, "President's Past: The Marks That They Leave," in Pamana: Half-a-Century of Filipino Community Life in the Emerald City  (Seattle: Filipino Community of Seattle, Inc., 1986?), 69-123. Note: This essay was expanded on September 7, 2010.


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