西雅图的雷尼尔山谷狂欢节 (Rainier District Pow Wow) 始创于 1934年，活动为期一天，在全社区范围内开展野餐活动，旨在美国经济大萧条时期振作士气和增强凝聚力。此狂欢节与它的的兄弟节日一样，即西雅图市区举行 的冬季赠礼节 (Potlatch)，包含了商业化、国民自豪感、家庭娱乐和对印地安文化的错误解读等因素。1941 年美国进入第二次世界大战期间，不再举行冬季赠礼节，但雷尼尔山谷狂欢节一直延续到 1992 年，它犹如一面镜子，反映了社区及其周围世界的变迁。此项诞生于经济艰难时期的节目活动在二十世纪三十年代为当地零售商招揽了很多生意；在二十世纪四十年 代增加了军事主题内容和宣传爱国主义精神；在二十世纪五十年代生育高峰期时期举办了“最大的家庭”竞赛；在二十世纪六十年代还举办了“乐队争霸赛”。二十 世纪七十年代，因女权主义者的抗议，泳装选美大赛被取消。二十世纪八十年代末，取消了狂欢节皇后和公主。在 1991 年 7 月的最后一届狂欢节上，举办了儿童唇型同步模仿赛和“卡拉 OK 视频自娱节目”。历经一次次的变革，狂欢节一直是西雅图南部居民代代相传的最喜爱的夏季活动
雷尼尔山谷狂欢节 (1934-1992)
- By Cassandra Tate
- Posted 9/03/2010
- HistoryLink.org Essay 9526
Sources:
HistoryLink.org Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History, "Seattle’s Potlatch Bug" (by Lorraine McConaghy), http://www.historylink.org/ (accessed August 2004); "Picnic Is Planned for Southeast," Rainier District Times, May 3, 1934, p. 1; "Date Changed on All Southeast Picnic to July 15," Ibid., June 7, 1934, p. 1; "Local Picnic Prize Races Are Postponed," Ibid., July 19, 1934, p. 1; "South End Clubs Will Sponsor Picnic Sunday," Beacon Hill News, July 13, 1934, p. 1; "Pow-Wow Plans To Be Discussed at Outdoor Dinner," Rainier Valley Times, July 4, 1935, p. 1; "Grand Picnic For Community," Beacon Hill News, July 5, 1935, p. 1; "Outboards To Be Feature Of Pow-Wow," Rainier Valley Times, July 18, 1935, p. 1; "Rainier-Beacon Pow-Wow All Set with Free Coffee, Prizes and Boat Races," Ibid., August 1, 1935, p. 1; "Beacon-R.V. Pow-Wow All Set For Aug. 2," Ibid., July 16, 1936, p. 1; "Nag Race Will Be Highlight of Picnic Sunday,"Ibid., July 30, 1936, p. 1; "Prize Winners in Pow-Wow Contest Asked To Come Forward for Prizes,"Ibid., August 6, 1936, p. 1; Gregory Roberts, "John L. O’Brien, 1911-2007," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, April 22, 2007 (www.newsource.com); Dick Lilly, "O’Brien, in Office Since ’39, Faces Challenge," The Seattle Times, September 6, 1990 (www.newsource.com); 1942 Pow Wow Program, John O’Brien Collection, Box 2, Rainier Valley Historical Society, Seattle; L. Myron Lindblom to Rainier Business Men’s Club, May 11, 1949, John O’Brien Collection, Box 2; Jack Steen to John O’Brien, April 19, 1957, John O’Brien Collection; "Ugh! Him Like Hot Dog," Seattle Star, August 4, 1946; Charles E. Brown, "Rainier’s Summer Pow Wow at the Shore -- Traditional Gathering Celebrated for 57th Year," The Seattle Times, June 30, 1990 (http://www.newsource.com/); Paul Talbert, email to Cassandra Tate, October 28, 2011, in possession of Cassandra Tate, Seattle.
Note: This essay was corrected and revised slightly on October 29, 2011.
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